Buddhism originated in 5th-century BCE in Northeast India, founded by Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha) who taught the path to the liberation from suffering and the ultimate goal of reaching Nirvana, a state of freedom, peace, and the extinguishing of greed, hatred, and delusion. As a non-theistic tradition emphasizing ethics and mindfulness, it grew from a local movement into a major religion that spread across Central, East, and Southeast Asia. The religion evolved into diverse traditions — notably the Theravada and Mahayana practices — while shaping art, philosophy, and society, eventually evolving into a global presence with roughly 500 million followers today.
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